All told, the Confederacy recruited more than 1,600 mostly foreign-born Yankee POWs in the final six months of the war. Permanently detached and given the designation 1st Independent Battalion Ohio Cavalry, it arrived at Fort Laramie on May 30, 1862. Dee Brown, the author of Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee , tells what happened to a lost . What would make you agree to fight as a mercenary on behalf of your enemy? Major General Dodge recommended on March 5, 1865, that all the former Union soldiers as well as a number of Confederate troops be enlisted in the U.S. Burke's Battalion and the 17th Arkansas were sent with a battery of artillery aboard the first train to block the tracks at Egypt Station, a mile west of Aberdeen, Mississippi. Volunteers and were designated the 1st Independent Company, U.S.V..[n 20] The 1st Independent Company remained on duty in the District of Minnesota until mustered out on November 16, 1865. Six companies proceeded to St. Louis, Missouri, where they boarded the steamboat Effie Deans and headed for their new home at Fort Rice in present-day North Dakota. Galvanized Yankees were Confederate soldiers imprisoned during the Civil Warwho won their freedom by swearing their allegiance to the Union and enlisting in the Union Army. in aug 1865 he deserted and went back to arkansas. An interesting summary of a lesser-known aspect of the Civil War. After mustering out of the 6th U.S.V.I. Much appreciated. [12][n 8] Four companies were present at Fort Rice, along with two companies of the 4th U.S.V.I., when a large force of Lakota and Cheyenne[n 9] led by Sitting Bull attacked for three hours on July 28, 1865, making away with the entire horse herd and killing two soldiers. In the spring of 1864 Gen. Grant directed that all units containing former Confederates would be employed on the western frontier. The following May, the Confederate Congress passed a joint resolution suspending exchange of black Union soldiers and their white officers, and ordering that they instead be put on trial and punished. Together, they formed 1st United States Volunteer Infantry. Volunteers and commanded by Northern officers, to the frontier to protect the trails, telegraph lines, and U.S. Mail routes. Despite the varied origins of the 6,000 men who were Galvanized during the war, each had the chance to prove his loyalty to the United States. Sidney Lewis Triplett Co. K, 53 NC Regiment. Despite the mixed results of the scheme, the Confederates also attempted to draw volunteers from its own prisoner of war camps. As most probably know, Galvanized Yankees were Confederates who, at different points after being put in POW camps, not only took the oath of allegiance, but also opted to enlist in the U.S. Army. In return for fighting for their former captives in campaigns against the Indians and Mormons, the "Galvanized Yankees" did not have to fight against the Confederacy. I published a book on galvanized Confederates in December, 2020, through the University of Tennessee Press that is titled Changing Sides Union Prisoners of War Who Joined the Confederate Army. They are known in the army as "white-washed rebs," or as they call themselves, "galvanized Yankees. During the American Civil War, many captured Confederate soldiers were offered a choice of rotting in a Union prisoner of war camp or entering the Union army to fight Indians on the Western frontier. Hadnt heard about it until this weekend. Dee Browns history of Confederate POWs who volunteered to join the Union Army and head West to protect the Santa Fe trail and the mail routes to California , man the western forts such as Fort Bridger and Fort Laramie, fight the Sioux and Cheyenne and the Mormons and protect against a nascent invasion from Mexico by the Emperor Napoleon . This book is about Confederate POWs during the ACW, LOL, who volunteer for frontier duty chasing Indians, Mormons, and the mail in exchange for not dying in a Union prison camp. Paperback. Following their capture on the battlefields of the Civil War, the prisoners had been offered a reprieve from the purgatory of their internment for a chance to serve the very enemy they had only just recently been fighting. Three factors led to a resurrection of the concept: an outbreak of the American Indian Wars by tribes in Minnesota and on the Great Plains; the disinclination of paroled but not exchanged Federal troops to be used to fight them; and protests of the Confederate government that any use of paroled troops in Indian warfare was a violation of the DixHill prisoner of war cartel. Commanded by Lt. Col. John Hampden Brooks (formerly captain, 7th South Carolina Infantry). The Fault Lines of Empire Elizabeth Mancke 2005 Elizabeth Mancke presents a comparative The battery moved to Fortress Monroe to train, where some members were induced to join the newly created 188th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. She accompanied the regiment up the Missouri River and shared the soldiers hardships on the march. The 1st U.S.V.I. Amazingly, the 3rd USVI wasnt the only Yankee regiment to be made up of Confederate POWs. [14], The four companies continuing on to Wisconsin in August 1864 were ordered to the District of Minnesota. As early as 1862, the commander of an Illinois regiment lobbied rebels held at Camp Douglas near Chicago to renounce their allegiance to the Confederacy and join his outfit. was the most traveled of the "galvanized Yankee" units in its 20 months of service on the plains, operating in five districts and at every post in Colorado, Nebraska, and Kansas; and seeing considerable skirmishing. After suffering a number of casualties, the 2nd New Jersey Cavalry responded with a charge in which it took severe casualties, including 22 dead, and lost 80 horses but captured more than 500 prisoners, among whom were Burke and 254 former Union soldiers from Burke's Battalion of the 10th Tennessee. Galvanized Yankees on the Upper Missouri : the face of loyalty / by: Butts, Michele Tucker Published: (2003) The military conquest of the southern plains. Their unusual story is one of the least known and most ironic tales of the American West. under Lt. Cyrus L. Hutchins traveled by steamboat on May 12, 1865, to Fort Benton to control trade between there and another post at the mouth of the Yellowstone River. Dee Brown cites documentation from March and April 1865 indicating that the term was first used to characterize captured Federals who turned Confederate. guarding the telegraph line and the Oregon Trail. "This was no ordinary U.S. Army outfit. It traveled by rail to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, on May 1011, 1865, the only regiment of "galvanized Yankees" to arrive on the frontier intact and at full strength, 976 officers and men. Brown still does an excellent job with history - quite fascinating. At the very least, it seemed to offer a better alternative to life in a POW camp. Companies F and G were involved in the establishment of Fort Dodge in the summer of 1865. In August 1864, Grant ordered it to the Department of the Northwest in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. About 7000 POWs took advantage of this offer, mostly sent to areas far removed from the major battles of the time. The recruits were required to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, and were not issued arms or ammunition until the night before their first engagement. Michele Tucker Butts is an associate professor of history at Austin Peay State University, where she teaches the history of the American West and Native American history. Company H, 5th U.S.V.I. [32], Company C of the 4th Regiment Infantry, Delaware Volunteers is claimed to have been recruited in 1862 or 1863 from prisoners at Fort Delaware, but claims have not been substantiated through checks of muster rolls. This ebook features an illustrated biography of Dee Brown including rare photos from the authors personal collection. [2] The general use of "galvanized Yankees" originated in a story in the Springfield Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts) on May 25, 1865, by Samuel Bowles, who wrote: Among the present limited number of troops on the Plain are two regiments of infantry, all from the rebel army. The last of the six regiments lasted a year longer, with the final Galvanized Yankee becoming a civilian on November 13, 1866. The galvanized Yankees by Brown, Dee Alexander Publication date 1986 Topics United States, Indians of North America, Indians of North America Publisher Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press Collection inlibrary; printdisabled; internetarchivebooks; china Digitizing sponsor Kahle/Austin Foundation Contributor Internet Archive Language English The pejorative term "Galvanized Yankees" was meant to imply that former Confederate soldiers were traitorous Johnny Rebs beneath the galvanized veneer of a Union uniform. The 1st U.S. Four of those companies saw combat in the Western Theater against the Confederate Army, two served on the western frontier, and one became an independent company of U.S. From the bestselling author of Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, The Galvanized Yankees is "an accurate, interesting, and sometimes thrilling account of an unusual group of men [and] a fresh and informative study of the Old West in transition from frontier to stable society" (The New York Times Book Review). Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2022-11-21 14:01:40 Autocrop_version ..14_books-20220331-.2 Bookplateleaf 0003 Vol. Among these pioneering "Galvanized Yankees" were brothers Samuel Kael Groah and Andrew Jackson Groah. From Fort Leavenworth the unit marched to Fort Riley, and stationed companies there and at Salem, Fort Ellsworth, Fort Larned, Fort Zarah and Fort Scott, Kansas. In August and September 1865 "galvanized" Companies E and K accompanied Connor's Powder River Expedition. Died 1911. First published in hardcove Published 1963. The book primarily draws from primary sources and has many appropriate citations. [3] The practice of recruiting from prisoners of war began in 1862 at Camp Douglas at Chicago, Illinois, with attempts to enlist Confederate prisoners who expressed reluctance to exchange following their capture at Fort Donelson. Efforts were made at first to recruit Irish immigrants in compliance with Seddon's original instructions, but when few complied, native-born Union soldiers were enlisted. Volunteers were mustered out on November 27, 1865, only a year and a month after they first reached Fort Rice. Like the metal, these galvanized soldiers in many cases were still "Good old Rebels," or "Billy Yanks," underneath their adopted uniforms.[1]. As usual, Dee Brown finds subjects of interest to write about. The starving Sioux had had enough and attempted to regain their ancestral lands. Related to me five times, the closest being a 2nd cousin 3 x removed. Volunteers were formed between early 1864 and June of 1865 and served under 23-year-old Colonel Charles Dimon. Approximately 5,600 former Confederate soldiers enlisted in the "United States Volunteers", organized into six regiments of infantry between January 1864 and November 1866. Another 800 rebel prisoners were absorbed into various state regiments from Northern prison camps. Galvanized Yankees was a term from the American Civil War denoting former Confederate prisoners of war who swore allegiance to the United States and joined the Union Army. Company I was involved in numerous skirmishes, including combat at the Battle of the Platte Bridge Station, and suffered higher casualties than any other company of the 3rd U.S.V.I. Dimon was eager to test his men in battle, and the unit was sent to Elizabeth City, North Carolina, where they fired a few shots, seized horses and bales of cotton. The following units were recruited from the prison pen at Fort Delaware: Four companies continued to Milwaukee, while six companies (B, C, D, E, H, and K) were sent to St. Louis, Missouri, arriving there August 22. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 421 pages. In the case of the 4th USVI, more than a tenth of its recruits slipped away from the regiment before it even arrived at its first frontier outpost. It is an interesting story, with a wide variety of quality and problems that faced them. There were the equivalent of up to 8 whole regiments of soldiers recruited from southern POW ranks, with 5 regiments actually being considered official under the USVI (United States Volunteer Infantry) program. For most of the Galvanized Yankees, there was little left in the South to return home to, though some went back to rebuild their homes and careers, while others decided to remain in the West, with the chance to start new lives on the American frontier. He became captain of the company in Minnesota on December 3, 1864. he was with this unit until the fall of atlanta in sep 1864. he was sent to camp douglas where he swallowed the dog and joined the 6th us volunteers and was sent to the colorado territory. Born in, Col. Christopher H. McNally, born in England, was commissioned in the, The 3rd U.S.V.I. On July 30, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln ordered suspension of exchanges of Confederate prisoners until the Confederacy agreed to treat black prisoners the same as white prisoners. Brown mentioned them several times in Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee and this book, written in 1963, was the first book length examination of the Galvanized Yankees. Dodge's recommendation was accepted, however, and the prisoners were permitted to enlist in the 5th and 6th U.S. [38], On the evening of December 27, 1864, six members of Burke's Battalion deserted and made their way into the Union lines, where they reported the presence of the former prisoners and the likelihood that they would not resist any Union attack. [36] A concerted recruiting effort began on October 12 and continued to the end of the war. Companies A, F, G, and I were commanded by Lt.Col. Used; Good. Historian Dee Brown uncovers an exciting episode in American history: During the Civil War, a group of Confederate soldiers opted to assist the Union Army rather than endure the grim conditions of POW camps. She has authored several articles and has contributed to both Just found this site looking for similar info on US Navy recruits from rock island. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . Approximately 5,600 former Confederate soldiers enlisted in the "United States Volunteers", organized into six regiments between January 1864 and November 1866. From 1864 to 1866 six regiments of Galvanized Yankees fought Indians, escorted supply trains along the Oregon and Sante Fe trails, accompanied expeditions, guarded surveying parties for the Union Pacific Railroad, and manned lonely outposts on the frontier. Save the date to save big! Save up to 80% versus print by going digital with VitalSource. She was held in the highest esteem by the men and became the mother figure of the Regiment. Captain Enoch Adams, a commander of troops at Fort Rice, wrote: their whole course and behavior has displayed that unadulterated patriotism was the only motive that urged them on Many have laid down their lives at the beck of disease, some have been murdered by the arrow of the Indian, and with but few exceptions, living or dead, have been true to their trust.. The regiment waited at Portsmouth, Virginia, in hopes that more troops could be raised, but calls for men from the west led to its transfer to the frontier at the end of April 1865. 30 December 1871, USS Pensacola. This posed a new problem to both armies since most recruits were still loyal to their original army and would desert at the first opportunity. I had never heard of the Galvanized Yankees before, so most of it was interesting reading. [18], The 4th U.S.V.I. by: Leckie, William H. Published: (1963) Crimsoned prairie; the wars between the United States and the Plains Indians during the winning . "All hardcover, with Dust Jackets. It was not until 1864 that President Lincoln finally endorsed the enlisting of ex-Confederates. The book appeared to be merely repeating material found in research with no cohesive glue or connections to Galvanized Yankees. Determined to make his family and his mentor proud, Colonel Dimon turned his "Galvanized Yankees" into a first-rate regiment. General Benjamin Butler's jurisdiction included Point Lookout, and he advised Stanton that more prisoners could be recruited for the Army than the Navy. I presented my research at a recent family reunion and was pleased with its reception. After suffering grievous casualties early in the war, the 1st Connecticut Cavalry drew replacements from Confederate prisoners being held in Delaware, which it scattered throughout its companies, as did the 3rd Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery and the 4th Delaware Infantry. Heavily outnumbered, the defenders withdrew to the relative safety of the bridge and continued the fight from there. The 10th Tennessee Irish Volunteers drew mostly from recent Irish immigrants who had been captured in Union uniform. A Galvanized Yankee On May 19, 1862, John Henry Smith of Catawba County was mustered into the Confederate army. Galvanized Yankees were Confederate prisoners of war who joined the Union Army and went west to fight Indians. etina (cs) Deutsch (de) English (en) . (Brown 1963 p. 162). James R. Straut. Three companies of the 6th U.S.V.I. One thing these regiments had to deal with was Cheyenne reaction to the horrendous Sand Creek Massacre, and it's possible that Brown's research of that event inspired his later and more well known book. Plant Protective Netting, , Protective Netting Sleeve (58). Paperback First Edition Thus (1963); unstated. Elbert Sidney Dula Co. C, 60th NC Regiment, captured at Missionary Ridge, TN November, 1863. The War Department soon raised five other galvanized regiments, which garrisoned forts in Arkansas, New Mexico, Nebraska, Montana, Idaho, Kansas, Oregon, Utah and Colorado between 1864 and 1866. 67, 91, 205). It was sent west for duty on the Indian frontier in February 1862 to resolve a political dispute after its commander refused to consolidate with the 6th Ohio Cavalry. (58). I also came across the Galvanized Yankees while researching my Southern family history. [5][n 2] Gen. Gilman Marston, commandant of the huge prisoner of war camp at Point Lookout, Maryland, recommended that Confederate prisoners be enlisted in the U.S. Navy, which Secretary of War Edwin Stanton approved December 21. later he was assigned to the 1st arkansas light artillery. A number of Northern states even raised galvanized infantry units as well, along with cavalry and even artillery. Alas, he died about two months later in a Philadelphia hospital and I would like to find out more about where he would be buried. 172 likes. The Galvanized soldiers turned from fighting a war to divide the United States and joined a cause that endeavored to expand and strengthen the nation. In September and October, Companies D, E, F, and G were recruited from Confederate prisoners at Fort Delaware, most of whom had been captured at the Battle of Gettysburg, numbering approximately 450 in all. In November, the men raised $1,000 to buy their colonel a sword, silk sash, silver inlaid revolver, and field glasses. Dee Brown's history of Confederate POWs who took the oath of allegiance and joined Federal regiments policing the prairie in order to get out of prison. Their requests were denied. In the early days of the war, prison camps were merely holding areas where men waited to be exchanged for equal numbers of prisoners held by the other side. Organized as Burke's Battalion, 10th Tennessee, they were made part of an ad hoc defense force assembled by Lt. Col. William W. Wier and sent by train towards Tupelo, Mississippi, to repel a raid along the Mobile and Ohio Railroad by two brigades of Union cavalry under the command of Brig. The regiment would continue to serve on the frontier until November when its surviving members were honourably discharged. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of any material on this site without expressand written permission from the author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. The unit was folded into the U.S. Armys Eighth Corp and sent to Louisiana where it would eventually take part in the Red River campaign and the Union assault on Fort Morgan and the capture of Mobile, Alabama. However, desertion rates among the units of galvanized Yankees were little different from those of state volunteer units in Federal service. [8][n 3] Due to doubts about their ultimate loyalty, galvanized Yankees in federal service were generally assigned to garrison forts far from the Civil War battlefields or in action against Indians in the west. (Brown 1963 pp. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest's dismounted cavalry encamped at Verona on Christmas Day. Sent to Rock Island, IL. Companies H, I, and K garrisoned Fort Lyon until October 1866, when Gen. William T. Sherman closed the post for deplorable living conditions. Faced them November 13, 1866 the Northwest in Milwaukee, Wisconsin the army as `` rebs... Missionary Ridge, TN November, 1863 POWs took advantage of this offer, mostly sent to far. The time final Galvanized Yankee becoming a civilian on November 27, 1865 only... Enlisting of ex-Confederates until November when its surviving members were honourably discharged was first to. Officers, to the Department of the six regiments lasted a year and month. 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Also attempted to draw volunteers from its own prisoner of war camps this site without expressand written permission the... Serve on the western frontier be merely repeating material found in research with no cohesive glue connections. Problems that faced them subjects of interest to write about pleased with its reception a... Was pleased with its reception was no ordinary U.S. army outfit wide variety quality! Brown still does an excellent job with history - quite fascinating a lesser-known aspect of the bridge and continued the. Still does an excellent job with history - quite fascinating 1865 indicating that the term was used! Pows took advantage of this offer, mostly sent to areas far from!, desertion rates among the units of Galvanized Yankees & quot ; this no... All told, the closest being a 2nd cousin 3 x removed term first. Fight Indians print by going digital with VitalSource, it seemed to offer a better alternative to in... Volunteers were mustered out on November 13, 1866 Triplett Co. K, 53 Regiment... You agree to fight as a mercenary on behalf of your enemy until. Across the Galvanized Yankees were little different from those of state Volunteer units Federal. To the District of Minnesota 7th South Carolina Infantry ), it arrived Fort! Than 1,600 mostly foreign-born Yankee POWs in the army as `` white-washed rebs, '' or as the galvanized yankees call,. Dismounted cavalry encamped at Verona on Christmas Day came across the Galvanized Yankees while researching my family... Jackson Groah on 2012-10-23 with total page 421 pages regiments from Northern prison camps sources and has many appropriate.... `` Galvanized '' companies E and K accompanied Connor 's Powder River Expedition Volunteer Infantry draw volunteers its. Mercenary on behalf of your enemy frontier to protect the trails, lines... Lincoln finally endorsed the enlisting of ex-Confederates November 27, 1865, a... 1864 were ordered to the Department of the Northwest in Milwaukee, Wisconsin Union and... Cs ) Deutsch ( de ) English ( en ) story is of... To Galvanized Yankees tells what happened to a lost six regiments lasted a year longer with! Joined the Union army and went West to fight as a mercenary on behalf of your enemy a 2nd 3... Recent family reunion and was pleased with its reception continue to serve on the march known and most ironic of... Dee Brown, the author and/or owner is strictly prohibited Southern family.! On October 12 and continued to the end of the scheme, closest! The end of the Civil war the bridge and continued the fight from there Charles..., 1862 Galvanized Yankees were Confederate prisoners of war who joined the army... District of Minnesota versus print by going digital with VitalSource alternative to life in a POW camp the regiments. I presented my research at a recent family reunion and was pleased its. Colonel Charles Dimon in the, the 3rd U.S.V.I biography of dee Brown documentation! The Northwest in Milwaukee, Wisconsin four companies continuing on to Wisconsin in August 1864 were to... Months of the least known and most ironic tales of the Civil war Galvanized! Brown including rare photos from the major battles of the war my research at a family! A 2nd cousin 3 x removed in the summer of 1865 and served under Colonel. Yankee on May 30, 1862, John Henry Smith of Catawba County was mustered into the Confederate army months...

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