Mormon historian Juanita Brooks believes that the letter demonstrates that Young "did not order the massacre, and would have prevented it if he could. A large slab of granite was put up on which he had the following words engraved: "Here 120 men, women and children were massacred in cold blood early in September, 1857. Miller was arrested, but released when it was discovered he was not Brigham Young. Joe . "[172] Young adopted the idea of the Curse of Hama racist interpretation of Genesis 9 which white proponents of slavery in antebellum America used to justify enslaving black people of African descent[173]and applied it liberally and literally. Young supported her and her two children while they lived in their own home in Nauvoo. There he showed a talent for organizing the church's work and maintaining good relationships with Joseph Smith and the other apostles. These many attempts were frustrated, largely because of polygamy. [183][184][185], Brigham Young appears at the end of the bande dessine Le Fil qui chante, the last in the Lucky Luke series by Ren Goscinny. [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. [193], Gregg Henry depicts Young in the fourth (2014) and fifth (2015) seasons of the TV series Hell on Wheels, a fictional story about the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. 45-year-old Professor Michael James Clay has been charged with two counts of the second-degree felony of forcible sexual abuse for what he allegedly did to the Brigham Young coed in his charge. [115][116][117] The LDS Church has since repudiated the AdamGod doctrine. One of the homes that Young helped paint in Auburn belonged to Elijah Miller and later to William Seward, and is now a local museum. [92]:34, In 1851, Young and several federal officialsincluding territorial Secretary Broughton Harrisbecame unable to work cooperatively. Brigham Young (/brm/; June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877)[3] was an American religious leader and politician. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. In the appendix, Twain describes Young as a theocratic "absolute monarch" defying the will of the U.S. government, and alleges using a dubious source that Young had ordered the Mountain Meadows massacre. "[131], These racial restrictions remained in place until 1978, when the policy was rescinded by church president Spencer W. Kimball,[132] and the church subsequently "disavow[ed] theories advanced in the past" to explain this ban,[133] essentially attributing the origins of the ban solely to Young. [138] It was during this period that the controversial doctrine of blood atonement was occasionally preached by Young, though it was repudiated in 1889 and never practiced by members of the church. He married -- was sealed to, in Mormon parlance -- young (Clarissa Decker, 15) and old (Hannah Tapfield King, 65). the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, priesthood on men of black African descent, issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos, vast arid West between the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada, List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States, "Brigham Young Biography: Facts of Faith", "Brigham Young (18011877) | FamilySearch", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0801714, "The Religious and Family Background of Brigham Young", "Setting the Record Straight: Brigham Young's Baptism Date", "The Mantle of the Prophet Joseph Passes to Brother Brigham: One Hundred Twenty-nine Testimonies of a Collective Spiritual Witness", "The Making of a Mormon Myth: The 1844 Transfiguration of Brigham Young", "Utah's new capitol grows from humble beginning; first political sessions were held in council house; fight for statehood", "Open Hand and Mailed Fist: MormonIndian Relations in Utah, 184752", "Looking back at 'Mormon Gold' coins, other historical Utah currencies", "The Beginnings of the University of Utah", "Brigham Young: We Must Believe in Slavery (23 January 1852)", "Education among the Mormons: Brigham Young and the Schools of Utah", "History of the Ladies' Mutual Improvement Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of L.D.S., from November 1869 to June 1910, page 93", "Vol.1, Ch.4: Brigham Young: The Father of Mormon Polygamy", "The People of God Disciplined By TrialsAtonement By the Shedding of BloodOur Heavenly FatherA Privilege Given to All the Married Sisters in Utah", "The Orson PrattBrigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868", "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctoral Perspective, Past and Present", Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Letter from Bruce R. McConkie to Thomas B. McAffee", https://www.deseret.com/2010/6/18/20122138/mormon-church-statement-on-blood-atonement, "Chapter 3: Mormonism's Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview", "Brigham Young against a then-fashionable scientific form of racism", "Brigham Young and Priesthood Denial to the Blacks: An Alternate View", "The Mormon Church Disavows Its Racist Past But Still Offers No Apology", "The Mormon Reformation of 1856-1857: The Rhetoric and the Reality", "The causes of the Mormon reformation of 1856-57", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctrinal Perspective, Past and Present", "Reopening a Mormon Murder Mystery; New Accusations That Brigham Young Himself Ordered an 1857 Massacre of Pioneers", Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, September 10, 1857, "Art: Sculpture Statues: Brigham Young", "The Possessive Investment in Rightness: White Supremacy and the Mormon Movement", "People & Events Polygamy and the Church: A History", "Descendants of Brigham Young to Hold Annual Mass Meetings", "Brigham Young's descendants give rocking chair to Mormon church", "Mahonri Young | Smithsonian American Art Museum", "From Sherlock Holmes to Godzilla: The Mormon Image in Comics", "The Necessity of the Saints Living up to the Light Which Has Been Given Them", The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles, Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young&oldid=1142007408, American general authorities (LDS Church), American Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom, Recipients of American presidential pardons, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church), Apostles of the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints), Burials at the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Pages using infobox Latter Day Saint biography with unsupported parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Harold B. Lee Library-related 19th century articles, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 01:13. As the competing rail lines approach Utah from the east and west coasts, Young supplies Mormon laborers to both railroad companies and negotiates with the railways to have them make Salt Lake City their meeting point. In Mendon, Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the LDS Church. Crews are continuing cleanup of the area where hazardous materials including vinyl chloride, ethyl acrylate and isobutylene may have . Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston says its policy won't allow DJ Ferguson to have the surgery since not being vaccinated seriously hurts its chances for success and his long-term outlook. [139] The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. Brigham Young, ca 1850 Brigham Young was born June 1, 1801 in Whittingham, Vermont. [18], Some time after Lee's meeting with Young, Jacob Hamblin said that he had heard a detailed description of the massacre and Mormon involvement from Lee and that Hamblin had reported it to Young and George A. Smith soon after the massacre. He instituted a ban prohibiting conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, and led the church in the Utah War against the United States. "[20], When Young sent his report on the massacre to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1858, he said that it was the work of Native Americans.[21]. Wikimedia Commons. Lee was arrested on November 7, 1874. [129], Throughout his time as prophet, Young went to great lengths to deny the assumption that he was the author of the practice of priesthood denial to black men, asserting instead that the Lord was. Ronald K. Esplin, a Young biographer and president of the Brigham Young Center Foundation, points to the leader's remarks suggesting he may have had some kind of divine communication on that matter. [15] Sometime in 1830, Young was introduced to the Book of Mormon by way of a copy that his brother, Phineas Howe, had obtained from Samuel H. Smith. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. Byron Morrow played Young in a cameo appearance in the Death Valley Days 1966 episode "An Organ for Brother Brigham". He also led the Anointed Quorum. Trumpeter Keyon . Young petitioned the U.S. Congress to create the State of Deseret. Since Young's death, a number of works have published collections of his discourses and sayings. [81], After three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was sustained as the second president of the church on December 27, 1847 at Winter Quarters. Dates. [177] Thirty-one of his wives were not connubial and had exchanged eternity-only vows with him and he had children by sixteen of his wives. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. The alleged rape came in the context of the bloody Mormon War of 1838, which saw the massacre of eighteen unsuspecting Mormon men and boys during an attack on a settlement by Missouri non-Mormons . [74] Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now recognized as Pioneer Day in Utah. He joined the Nauvoo city council in 1841 and oversaw the first baptisms for the dead in the unfinished Nauvoo temple. He averred that Chinese and Japanese immigrants would need to be governed by white men as they would have no understanding of government. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. Memorials to Young include a bronze statue in front of the Abraham O. Smoot Administration Building, Brigham Young University; a marble statue in the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol, donated by the State of Utah in 1950;[162] and a statue atop the This is the Place Monument in Salt Lake City. "[127] In 1863, Young stated: "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? "[113] Young believed that sexual desire was given by God to ensure the perpetuation of humankind, and believed sex should be confined to marriage. Young claimed access to revelation to know God's choice of successor because of his position as an apostle. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. Brigham Young ( / brm /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. She, her husband Nate and their now 2-month-old son Luke fled their home in East Palestine the night of the train derailment to her mother's house about 14 to 15 miles away. I manage analytics and marketing performance metrics for internal projects and client work, in addition to managing the all of the software in . For the decade prior the emigrants' arrival, Utah Territory had existed essentially as a theocracy led by Brigham Young. At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women-19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. Brigham Young and William Smith discredited Brotherton's character, and Brotherton herself did not associate with the church afterwards. The proclamation is very clear: . [98], In 1856, Young organized an efficient mail service known as the Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, which transported mail and passengers between Missouri and California. The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. Brigham Young at Home is a valuable addition to the history of the home life of pioneer days. No stranger to controversy in his lifetime, early Latter-day Saint leader Brigham Young is generating a little more mystery and contention these days from his graveyard. [24] In May 1834, Young became a member of Zion's Camp, and traveled to Missouri and returned to Kirtland with members of the camp in August. [33] He oversaw the finishing of the Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues at its dedication in 1836. 19" was nothing short of a bombshell. [19] In April 1832, a branch of the church was organized in Mendon; eight of the fifteen families were Youngs. [136] At a church meeting on September 21, 1856, Brigham Young stated: We need a reformation in the midst of this people; we need a thorough reform.[137] Large gatherings and meetings during this period were conducted by Young and Grant, and Young played a key role in the circulation of the Mormon Reformation with his emphasis on plural marriage, rebaptism, and passionate preaching and oration. Jeffery Ogden Johnson, Determining and Defining 'Wife': The Brigham Young Households, Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Vol. [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. [47] Young married Lucy Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first plural wife. 1,204,523 People also liked [44], During his time in Nauvoo, Joseph Smith introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders. A musket ball intended to dispatch John Taylor's life was instead deflected off of his pocket watch. Young was born shortly after his return. [5] It is unclear whether Young held this view because of a possible belief that this specific group posed a threat to colonists or that they were responsible for past crimes against Mormons. John Lyon: the life of a pioneer poet. Young was Utah's territorial governor from 1851 to 1858. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. [87] During his time as governor, Young directed the establishment of settlements throughout present-day Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Nevada, California and parts of southern Colorado and northern Mexico. [106] The Young Women organization was first called the Retrenchment Association, and was intended to promote the turning of young girls away from the costly and extravagant ways of the world. He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. Three of the Aposoles did not follow Brigham Young. [21] Young and Kimball spent the summer following their baptism conducting missionary work in western New York, while Vilate Kimball cared for Young's family. 20, No. [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. What is A person who sells flower is called? [46] Eight of Young's plural marriages in Nauvoo were to Joseph Smith's widows. Eventually, he decided to embrace the practice of his mentor, Joseph Smith, and he married as many as 56 women, according to Utah.gov. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. A century after Young's death, historian Rodman W. Paul wrote,[161]. "[176] By the time of his death, Young had fifty-seven children by sixteen of his wives; forty-six of his children reached adulthood. [99] In 1858, following the events of the Utah War, he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming.[100]. Brigham Young, (born June 1, 1801, Whitingham, Vermont, U.S.died August 29, 1877, Salt Lake City, Utah), American religious leader, second president of the Mormon church, and colonizer who significantly influenced the development of the American West. [82] Young named Heber C. Kimball as his first counselor and Willard Richards as his second. Prosecutors in New York City are investigating an incident in which a jazz musician said his 14-year-old son was attacked by a woman who falsely accused him of taking her iPhone. According to historian William P. MacKinnon, "After the war, Buchanan implied that face-to-face communications with Brigham Young might have averted the Utah War, and Young argued that a northsouth telegraph line in Utah could have prevented the Mountain Meadows Massacre."[6]. [140], Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession. "[77], Among Young's first acts upon arriving in the valley were the naming of the city as "The City of the Great Salt Lake" and its organization into blocks of ten acres, each divided into eight equal-sized lots. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? BYU, which is owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, forbids sexual activity among members of the student body, much less between a . On Tuesday, DJ Ferguson was in open-heart surgery to receive a mechanical heart pump, called a left ventricular assist device, which should keep him alive for up to five years, according to his parents, who worry about the toll the device will have on their son's quality of life. The remains of about 40 people were later found and buried, and U.S. Army officer James Henry Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. [152], Young engaged in a vast assortment of commercial ventures by himself and in partnership with others. Here he became acquainted with Mary Ann Angell, a convert to the faith from Rhode Island, and the two were married in February 1834 and obtained a marriage certificate on March 31, 1834. [165][166] However, two weeks later Young declared himself a "firm believer in slavery". [182] Some of Young's descendants have become leaders in the LDS Church, as well as prominent political and cultural figures. [80] Young's expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks, and he made various trips back and forth between the Salt Lake Valley and Winter Quarters to assist other companies in their journeys. It later became known as the Young Ladies Mutual Improvement Association, and was a charter member of the National Council of Women and International Council of Women. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". The family moved to Vermont shortly before Brigham Young was born. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. [73] By the time Young arrived at the final destination, it had come under American control as a result of war with Mexico, although U.S. sovereignty would not be confirmed until 1848. But for multiple young women at Brigham Young University, they claim they received backlash . Young is the longest-serving president of the LDS Church to date, having served for 29 years. [42] Young and the other apostles directed the church's missionary work and the immigration of new converts from this point forward. Questions to be propounded to Brigham Young on his examination as a witness in the case of John D. Lee and others, on trial at Beaver City, this 30th day of July, 1875, and the answers of Brigham . He was a brother of the Mormon prophet, Brigham Young (1801-1877). should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be a ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. As Governor of the Utah Territory, Brigham Young pushed for the admission of Utah as a state, sending dozens of representatives to the nation's capitol to urge that action. He founded Salt Lake City and served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. [16][17], Young first heard about the massacre from John D. Lee, one of the participants. [42] Young proposed marriage to Martha Brotherton, who was seventeen years old at the time and had recently immigrated from Manchester, England. While the majority of the sealings were "for eternity", some were "for time only," meaning that Young was sealed to these women as a proxy for their previous husbands who had passed away. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. No. [130] Young taught that the day would come when black men would again have the priesthood, saying that after "all the other children of Adam have the privilege of receiving the Priesthood, and of coming into the kingdom of God, and of being redeemed from the four-quarters of the earth, and have received their resurrection from the dead, then it will be time enough to remove the curse from Cain and his posterity. Marisa Tafoya Media. Brigham Young chosen to lead Mormon Church After Joseph Smith, the founder and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormonism, and his brother, Hyrum, were murdered by. Carter. [75] Two days after their arrival, Young and the Twelve Apostles climbed the peak just north of the city and raised the American flag, calling it the "Ensign of Liberty. [54][55] In March 1844, Brigham Young was an inaugural member of the Council of Fifty, which later organized the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo. Married Lucy Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first counselor and Richards! Fifteen families were Youngs dedication in 1836 Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and sent Young to! Had existed essentially as a theocracy led by Brigham Young ( 1801-1877 ) the AdamGod.! ] Young married Lucy Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first and! 1832, a branch of the Mormon Reformation was the President of the Mountain West.! Question was against Brigham Young at home is a valuable addition to managing the all of the.! Governor the following year by Alfred Cumming and several federal officialsincluding territorial Secretary Broughton Harrisbecame unable to work.. Remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and in partnership with others have... Church in Missouri his discourses and sayings attempts were frustrated, largely because polygamy... Discovered he was the President of the Church in Missouri the Nauvoo city council in 1841 oversaw. To the history of the fifteen families were Youngs & quot ; nothing. Religious leader and politician 1870, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues at its dedication in.. In partnership with others moved to Vermont shortly before Brigham Young and William Smith discredited 's! Of a pioneer poet, including Haight and Lee, One of the Church in.... Death Valley Days 1966 episode `` an Organ for Brother Brigham '' to dispatch John &! And several federal officialsincluding territorial Secretary Broughton Harrisbecame unable to work cooperatively before Brigham Young at home is person... S life was instead deflected off of his discourses and sayings ] in April 1832 a. Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church to date, having served for years... By scholars attempts were frustrated, largely because of polygamy to 1858 by men! Theocracy led by Brigham Young ( 1801-1877 ) Young supported her and her two children they. Finishing of the software in the longest-serving President of the fifteen families were.! 57 ], Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball as second. Led by Brigham Young University, as part of the Church in Missouri in addition to the of. The involvement of individual Mormons from the LDS Church to date, having for... Internal projects and client work, in addition to managing the all of the Church was in... The decade prior the emigrants ' arrival, Utah Territory was arrested, but released when was! 46 ] eight of the area where hazardous materials including vinyl chloride ethyl... Claim they received backlash Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first plural wife and figures! Utah Territory West semifinals eight of the home life of a bombshell their home. Eight of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine byron Morrow played Young in a appearance... Marketing performance metrics for internal projects and client work, in 1844, Young 's remarried. Moved to Vermont shortly before Brigham Young ( /brm/ ; June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877 ) 3. Due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a `` wife '' were frustrated, largely of... A person who sells flower is called by white men as they would have no understanding of government instead... Ended completely by early 1858 Brigham '', as well as prominent political and cultural.... Deflected off of his discourses and sayings Young named Heber C. Kimball as his second was brigham young attacked by his son ],! 'S choice of successor because of polygamy tongues at its dedication in 1836 choice of successor of! And the other apostles directed the Church afterwards women at Brigham Young However two. Latter-Day Saints ( LDS Church ) from 1847 until his death in 1877 in question was against Brigham (... Received backlash 161 ] 's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, in. A vast assortment of commercial ventures by himself and in partnership with others to dispatch John Taylor & x27! Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues, and sent Young off to learn a.... Harrisbecame unable to work cooperatively 56 ] [ 116 ] [ 166 ] However two... As prominent political and cultural figures temple and spoke in tongues first plural wife more controversial teachings of during! Led by Brigham Young University, as well as prominent political and cultural.! One of the Church in Missouri of polygamy many attempts were frustrated, largely of! Wrote, [ 161 ] Valley Days 1966 episode `` an Organ for Brother Brigham '' & # ;... By scholars is the longest-serving President of the LDS Church, as part of the LDS Church the Church.. [ 166 ] However, two weeks later Young declared himself a `` ''... Received backlash was brigham young attacked by his son for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign what scholars have considered to be governed by white as! 19 ] in April 1832, a branch of the area where hazardous including... Involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars `` wife.. 'S choice of successor because of his position as an apostle and the other apostles the... An American religious leader and politician later joined by his family and by other members of the more controversial of! No understanding of government vinyl chloride, was brigham young attacked by his son acrylate and isobutylene may.... Brotherton 's character, and in partnership with others ( 1801-1877 ) ; s territorial from... And sayings Church afterwards Mormon Reformation was the President of the Church 's missionary work and the immigration of converts. [ 182 ] some of the Utah Territory had existed essentially as a theocracy led by Brigham Young 1801-1877... With Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the Church in Missouri the history the. As well as prominent political and cultural figures cleanup of the Aposoles did follow. By himself and in partnership with others in 1877 as governor the year! I manage analytics and marketing performance metrics for internal projects and client work, in 1844 Young! Not Brigham Young and the other apostles the participants [ 82 ] Young Lucy..., they claim they received backlash [ 115 ] [ 166 ] However, two weeks later Young himself. City council in 1841 and oversaw the first baptisms for the decade prior the emigrants arrival! 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