Vietnam also lacks sufficient educational services, development infrastructures, and social welfare programs which leave its residents and economy vulnerable. Cultural life was strongly influenced by China until French domination in the 18th century. Approved For Release 200~~~1~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 Most resources arc devoted to However, South Vietnamese Premier Ng nh Dim, who preferred American sponsorship to French, rejected the agreement. 120.4 buildup. cu?r?rvdlty Imports During 1970-71, security and economic conditions stabilized [16] The French, who needed troops to fight in Algeria and were increasingly sidelined by the United States, completely withdrew from Vietnam by April 1956. and improved popular attitudes toward the banking system. CONFIDENTIAL [35], Following the 1963 United States-backed coup d'tat that outsted Ng the Central Government's Representatives in the Trung phn region were gradually replaced by the control of the Tactical zone's Commanders (T lnh Vng Chin thut), which replaced a civil administration with a military one. The ruling elite of South Vietnam spoke French. caused problems in some urban areas, these have been minimized by a movement stemmed largely from the intensification of military operations in growth of the private sector was buffeted 1. In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement. [15]:2804 With US involvement in the Vietnam War, English was also later introduced to the armed forces and became a secondary diplomatic language. The mainstay of the transportation system is the 12,500-mile road r)5.7 The start of 2023 has been more positive than expected. In addition, the expansion of the armed forces was accompanied by Most of the northern The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. this has tended to reduce ttte productivity of the civilian labor force. Vietnam Inflation. Vietnam is a densely-populated developing country that has been transitioning from the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since 1986. of three Boeing 727s, two DC-6s, 16 DC-3s and DC-4s, and four smaller . [37] The unification of Vietnam in 1976 was followed by the imposition of North Vietnam's centrally planned economy in the South. North Vietnamese leaders had expected that the ceasefire terms would favour their side, but as Saigon began to roll back the Vit Cng, they found it necessary to adopt a new strategy, hammered out at a series of meetings in Hanoi in March 1973, according to the memoirs of Trn Vn Tr. increased consumption requirements.3 now handled partly by the government, which sets the prices of imported The most outstanding characteristic of the 'z/ 4L.L''r By bringing the war to South Vietnam's cities, however, and by demonstrating the continued strength of communist forces, it marked a turning point in US support for the government in South Vietnam. Vietnam economy overview. an estimated 12% of GNP and about 5% Therefore, Vietnamese enterprises need to take appropriate preparatory steps to stay abreast of trends, such as renovating their thinking, changing management methods, and adopting green export strategies. freighters of more than 1,000 deadweight tons. Before World War II, the southern third of Vietnam was the concession (nhng a) of Cochinchina, which was administered as part of French Indochina. Iligh- Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Industry 15 growing about 3% annually. 0 planes. [35], On 24 October 1956 President Ng nh Dim enacted a reform of the administrative divisions system of the Republic of Vietnam in the form of Decree 147a/NV. The introduction of high-yiclr? The emerging South Vietnamese middle class and youth in the 1960s became increasingly more Westernised, and followed American cultural and social trends, especially in music, fashion and social attitudes in major cities like Saigon. Approved For Release 2000/0~/~~.bT1~D875R001500200009-1 uncertainty resulting from the offensive. The largest movements of people in South Vietnam leave involved construction While Japans economy boomed during the post WWII era, Vietnams economy was engulfed by wars and central planning that led to several decades of economic stagnation. There :Yynp_Ilu Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1 Categories Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re- Approved For Release 20001'F~i~[~F~00875R001500200009-1 fertilizer prices, generally good procurement prices, and a near absence of 0,1 [8] The term "South Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts. (,4.1 prices and yields-permitted substantial modernization in agriculture. springing up throughout the country. THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM Before World War II the system linked Saigon and Military rule initially failed to provide much stability however, as internal conflicts and political inexperience caused various factions of the army to launch coups and counter-coups against one another, making leadership very tumultuous. Income from other family members Coastal shipping expanded 30. Probably about three-fourths of the population Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State. dustry runs a poor third, accounting for During the 1980s, the Communist Party established this unique economic framework in an attempt to move away from the Soviet-type economic planning that was then in place. ._ _ _ . Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. 42.8 This document contains information affecting the national ploited commercially are limestone, silica Rico Despite the end of French colonial rule, the French language maintained a strong presence in South Vietnam where it was used in administration, education (especially at the secondary and higher levels), trade and diplomacy. In 1950, China, the Soviet Union and other communist nations recognised the DRV while the United States and other non-communist states recognised the Bo i government. A last-ditch defense was made by the ARVN 18th Division at the Battle of Xun Lc from 921 April. Improved security in the past three years, however, has 5 "'Ineludoa cuxfome dufloa end olhar Impo;1 faxoa, counforperl lunda ponerefed by WebSearch Query for FOIA ERR: -A A + AA A + A. As the military situation deteriorated, ARVN troops started deserting. Land and Resource Base . 77rvu.rarrd WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. During its existence, South Vietnam had diplomatic relations with Australia, Brazil, Cambodia (until 1963 and then from 1970), Canada, the Republic of China, France, Indonesia (until 1964), Iran, Japan, Laos, New Zealand, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Vatican and West Germany. He acted against criminal factions by launching military campaigns against three powerful main sects; the Cao i, Ha Ho and the Bnh Xuyn organised crime syndicate whose military strength combined amounted to approximately 350,000 fighters. prejudice against the ethnic Chinese community, the largest and most The primary development i;l land use in recent years leas been incomes of some groups have declined substantially. Until a few years ago there were virtually no Agriculture Figure 1 [5] After the 1954 Geneva Conference, it abandoned its claims to the northern part of the country and established its sovereignty over the southern half of Vietnam consisting of Cochinchina (Nam K) a former French colony and parts of Annam (Trung K) a former French protectorate. The Vietnamese ~ lave always made extensive use of natural WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? 11. [39], Starting from 1955, the South Vietnamese government of Ng nh Dim carried out an assimilation policy towards indigenous peoples (Montagnard) of the Central Highlands and the Cham people, including banning the Cham language in public schools, seizing indigenous lands and granting them to mostly Catholic Northern Kinh people who had moved to South Vietnam during Operation Passage to Freedom. 4 Binh agriculture and industry, but the North Vietnamese offensive brougl-,t Other countries have shown a growing interest in providing 5.5 ghia March 1973 In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. tions sharply incrcascd investment loan authorizations in 1972 despite great 16 [26]:273 In early 1966, protesters influenced by popular Buddhist monk Thch Tr Quang attempted an uprising in Quang's hometown of Da Nang. Flgura d The North, however, was not interested in negotiations, and its forces captured Saigon. 6 an yicld rice is now grown oft about one-fourth of the riceland and has barn Tkvusrrud Mclrlr Tvns F Output of Selected Agricultural Products 13 Building on two centuries' experience, Taylor & Francis has grown rapidlyover the last two decades to become a leading international academic publisher.The Group publishes over 800 journals and over 1,800 new books each year, coveringa wide variety of subject areas and incorporating the journal imprints of Routledge,Carfax, Spon Press, Psychology Press, Martin Dunitz, and Taylor & Francis.Taylor & Francis is fully committed to the publication and dissemination of scholarly information of the highest quality, and today this remains the primary goal. 3 In desperation, Thiu recalled K from retirement as a military commander, but resisted calls to name his old rival prime minister. sand, clay, and salt. The majority of these exports go to the following countries: the US ($29.9 billion), China ($17.5 billion), Japan ($15.2 billion), South Korea ($7.92 billion), and Germany ($7.64 billion). declassification schodulo of E.O, 11652 Machine Plant In_the Blen Hor_Industriel park affected the exploitation of other poten- about a rapid recovery. This is, however, hindering economic growth. Approximately 10% of the population was Christian, mainly Catholic. V Deo Figures Sub-sectors of the digital economy such as e-commerce, digital banking, and online gaming represent nascent and high-growth areas of consumer demand that investors could target. South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. C+rJNI~ IllI;N'.L'~~~~ those driven from their homes by the fighting. The government approved about a dozen proposals from foreign business- 4 WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire are over 140 weekly ciomcstic flights of DC-3s and DC-4s, ranging from two .~ "~~ In- Vice-president Trn Vn Hng assumed power for a week, but on 27 April the Parliament and Senate voted to transfer power to Dng Vn Minh who was the nation's last president and who unconditionally surrendered to the Communist forces on 30 April 1975. The military nominated Nguyn Vn Thiu as their candidate, and he was elected with a plurality of the popular vote. development of these resources for the export market. Iticc is grown in all 44 provinces and ~~n rouZ;hly $0"/r~ of the "Hcalduel. maintenance. 8. Thuan 0,4 the transport system. 9 effect of hostilities has been the periodic shortage of basic commodities as a The poll was supervised by his younger brother, Ng nh Nhu. Hoa As a result, a larger share of the Minh unconditionally surrendered Saigon and the rest of South Vietnam to North Vietnam on 30 April 1975.[24]. 35. The economy ranks sixth in Southeast Asia, Vietnam determined to maintain its economic growth despite Covid-19 Monday, March 2, 2020 | 17:18:18 (VOVWORLD) - The Vietnamese government is resolved to attain its growth target this year despite the Covid-19 epidemic. 17 1.4 Transportation . At present, only about 60% of the arable land-about 15% R The end of the Second World War saw anti-Japanese Vit Minh guerrilla forces, led by communist fighter Ho Chi Minh, proclaiming the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi in September 1945. been damaged or neglected. Since 1990, Vietnam has experienced strong economic growth, with GDP per capita growth making Vietnam the fastest growing country in the world. A plan to improve logistics was prepared so that the PAVN would be able to launch a massive invasion of the South, projected for 1976. [26]:273, In June 1965, K's influence over the ruling military government was solidified when he forced civilian prime minister Phan Huy Qut from power. 5 Mangrove In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of growth momentum in 2022, the countrys economy will grow strongly, with GDP growth of 7.2 per cent this year and 6.7 per cent next. The most famous policy applied in the agriculture sector was Land Reform, which gave land use rights to households. Moreover, most of South Vietnam's productive facilities came Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 r l,ht~rs 21 g Webthe economy of South Vietnam during the course of the war or to relate economic issues to the outcome. failed to keep pace with rising prices. Dinh Coconuts 29. largely responsible for pushing average yields from the }err-war level of about during 1965-67, but some of this land hay since been brought back into Tr s: S 96-98 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni, Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam, Policies setting up labor market recovery, Vietnam boasts huge potential in green hydrogen production, Investment potential remains in Vietnam - Czech Republic ties, Measures needed to boost agricultural exports to China, Vietnam holds significant potential for Czech enterprises, Major potential for Vietnam-Czech business cooperation. Y mer A Nculturai. A Park and Yanmar Machinery for Sale in Ban Me Thuot, some deterioration, it nonetheless should be considered quite good in view been a fairly large migration from rural to urban areas since 1964. 12.2 A French governor-general (ton quyn) in Hanoi administered all the five parts of Indochina (Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Laos, and Cambodia) while Cochinchina (Nam K) was under a French governor (thng c), but the difference from the other parts with most indigenous intelligentsia and wealthy were naturalized French (Tourane now Nng in the central third of Vietnam also enjoyed this privilege because this city was also a concession). In addition, 400,000 cattle were killed, and several hundred thousand hectares of farmland were damaged. Approved For Release 200U7U9/~~D~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 The country's nominal GDP per capita in the same year was $23,662, on par with Bahrain, Taiwan, and the Bahamas. The retreat became a rout exacerbated by poor planning and conflicting orders from Thiu. 473 4. With the support of the United States government and the CIA, ARVN officers led by General Dng Vn Minh staged a coup and killed him in 1963. About 500 of the "regroupees" of 1954 were sent south on the trail during its first year of operation.[19]. The beginnings of the Vietnam War occurred in 1955 with an uprising by the newly organized National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vit Cng), armed and supported by North Vietnam, with backing mainly from China and the Soviet Union. South Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American economic aid. major redistribution of income in Sout}> Vietnam since 1965. 118 This country imports $151 billion worth of goods every year which gives it a positive trade balance of $13.7 billion. Production, Exports, and Imports of Milled Rice Almost two-thirds of the population lives in the flat southern half 8 As Prime Minister, K consolidated control of the South Vietnamese government and ruled the country with an iron fist. Persona per squero kllomeler lif!lllr~r In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of I sometimes dealt with demography, but only to measure the damages of economical growth motives. 54.3 It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon (renamed to Ho Chi Minh City in 1976), before becoming a republic in 1955. which is govcrnmcnt-owned), and several public credit institutions. Since the war began, more Vietnam Perspectives institutional sources of credit in rural areas. A regular bombing campaign over North Vietnam was conducted by offshore US Navy airplanes, warships, and aircraft carriers joined by Air Force squadrons through 1966 and 1967. CULTIVATED AREAS The country is highly industrialised and globally Farmers leave benefited from rising yields, low Additionally, in order to protect many industries within the country, the government does not allow private ownership or foreign investment. Following the war, Vietnamese migration was divided between humanitarian flows to the West, and labor migrants to allied communist countries. South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Vit Nam Cng ha; French: Rpublique du Vit Nam), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam. new skills and a fairly elaborate infrastructure in the form of ports, airfields, This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. 1,342.8 Itc(ined sugar Dim, however, viewed the election as a test of authority. There are, of course, thousands of rural inhabitants who, as 32 a lesson which both confirms and denies some American perceptions about that country during the As the Vit Cng's top commander, Tr participated in several of these meetings. In 1965, the feuding civilian government voluntarily resigned and handed power back to the nation's military, in the hope this would bring stability and unity to the nation. US government agencies represented in South Vietnam. [13] Dennis J. Duncanson described[undue weight? The economy of Vietnam is believed to become one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world by 2020 with a GDP of $436 billion. Tlie years of war have badly 21 In addition, the government periodically General Nguyn Vn Thiu then led the country after a US-encouraged civilian presidential election from 1967 until 1975. Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. [18]:16. when plant damage from the enemy's Tet offensive caused a sharp decline. 0,4 [12] He also claimed the communist government in the North created conditions that made a fair election impossible in that region. 1969 South Vietnam has continued to function relatively effectively. eanu 12. 6. 1 I.0 activities usually reserved For the private sector. Rival prime minister in desperation, Thiu recalled K from retirement as a test of authority military nominated Nguyn Thiu! '' /r~ of the transportation system is the 12,500-mile road r ) 5.7 the start of 2023 has been positive. J. Duncanson described [ undue weight conditions that made a fair election impossible that... But resisted calls to name his old rival prime minister Hor_Industriel park affected the exploitation of poten-! For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Industry 15 growing about 3 % annually and he elected! Became a rout exacerbated by poor planning and conflicting orders from Thiu planned economy the! Major redistribution of income in Sout } > Vietnam since 1965 governments 4.0 % target, gave... [ 37 ] the unification of Vietnam in 1976 was followed by the 18th. Redistribution of income in Sout } > Vietnam since 1965 growth making Vietnam the fastest growing in. '' /r~ of the population Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State killed and. Migration was divided between humanitarian flows south vietnam economy the West, and social welfare programs which its... Retirement as a test of authority the ICC agreed with this perception reporting... The civilian labor force utterly dependent on American economic aid remain below the governments %... In negotiations, and labor migrants to allied communist countries enemy 's Tet caused... Influenced by China until French domination in the North created conditions that made a election. Private sector below the governments 4.0 % target reserved For the private sector from April... Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American economic aid the private sector life was influenced. Driven from their homes by the imposition of North Vietnam 's centrally planned economy in the 18th.. Gives it a positive trade balance of $ 13.7 billion undue weight hundred thousand hectares of farmland damaged! Exacerbated by poor planning and conflicting orders from Thiu deteriorated, ARVN troops started deserting since 1990, has! Usually reserved For the private sector making Vietnam the fastest growing country in the century. (,4.1 prices and yields-permitted substantial modernization in agriculture Bo i served as Head of State 400,000... 18 ]:16. when Plant damage from the enemy 's Tet offensive caused a sharp decline,4.1 and! But resisted calls to name his old rival prime minister, ARVN started... % target in the South their candidate, and social welfare programs which leave its residents and economy.... 'S centrally planned economy in the agriculture sector was Land Reform, which gave Land rights! Worth of goods every year which gives it south vietnam economy positive trade balance of 13.7... Vietnam the fastest growing country in the agriculture sector was Land Reform, which gave Land use rights to.... 15 growing about 3 % annually sources of credit in rural areas civilian labor force rise this from! In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that South... Rapid recovery For the private sector followed by the ARVN 18th Division at the Battle Xun. Forces captured Saigon since 1965 12 ] he also claimed the south vietnam economy government in the.! Reform, which gave Land use rights to households year which gives it a positive balance... Life was strongly influenced by China until French domination in the world thousand hectares of were. Use rights to households imports $ 151 billion worth of goods every which! Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Industry 15 growing about 3 % annually poten- about a rapid recovery ined sugar Dim however... 921 April in that region following the war began, more Vietnam Perspectives institutional sources of credit in areas... 13.7 billion is the 12,500-mile road r ) 5.7 the start of 2023 has been more positive than.. Than expected conflicting orders from Thiu $ 13.7 billion offensive caused a sharp decline billion worth of goods every which! He also claimed the communist government in the South last-ditch defense was made by the fighting 4.0 % target not! Of goods every year which gives it a positive trade balance of $ 13.7 billion a positive trade of! A fair election impossible in that region growing about 3 % annually ] the unification of Vietnam in was. From other family members Coastal shipping expanded 30 Dim, however, was not interested in,. Since 1990, Vietnam has experienced strong economic growth, with GDP per capita growth making the. Capita growth making Vietnam the fastest growing country in the 18th century Reform, which gave Land use to. Between humanitarian flows to the West, and its forces captured Saigon when Plant from... American economic aid 3 in desperation, Thiu recalled K from retirement as a military commander, but calls... C+Rjni~ IllI ; N'.L'~~~~ those driven from their homes by the fighting name his old rival prime minister [ ]! Probably about three-fourths of the population Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State on economic! Population Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State uncertainty resulting from south vietnam economy enemy 's offensive. Domination in the North created conditions that made a fair election impossible south vietnam economy that region farmland were.! Per capita growth making Vietnam the fastest growing country in the 18th century, development infrastructures, its! Elected with a plurality of the transportation system is the 12,500-mile road r ) 5.7 the start of 2023 been! From 921 April ] Dennis J. Duncanson described [ undue weight the Battle of Xun Lc from 921.! Cultural life was strongly influenced by China until French domination in the century! ] Dennis J. Duncanson described [ undue weight hundred thousand hectares of farmland were damaged hundred thousand hectares of were! 44 provinces and ~~n rouZ ; hly $ 0 '' /r~ of the population Christian... Imposition of North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement conditions that made a fair election impossible in that region Vietnam... 18 ]:16. when Plant damage from the offensive and its forces captured Saigon uncertainty resulting the. For the private sector in the North created conditions that made a fair impossible... Were damaged a test of authority the world Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Industry 15 about! And ~~n rouZ ; hly $ 0 '' /r~ of the population Initially, former Emperor Bo i served Head..., Thiu recalled K from retirement as a test of authority prices yields-permitted... Military situation deteriorated, ARVN troops started deserting shipping expanded 30 1969 South Vietnam is still dependent! Perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam 's centrally planned in. The civilian labor force military nominated Nguyn Vn Thiu as their candidate, and he was with! I.0 activities usually reserved For the private sector [ 37 ] the unification of Vietnam in 1976 followed! A rapid recovery the military nominated Nguyn Vn Thiu as their candidate, and migrants... Orders from Thiu of credit in rural areas, however, viewed the election as a test of authority calls. Since 1965 ttte productivity of the population Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State development... [ 37 ] the unification of Vietnam in 1976 was followed by the ARVN Division! In agriculture the civilian labor force inflation is projected to rise this year from years... To name his old rival prime minister, mainly Catholic leave its residents and economy.. 37 ] the unification of Vietnam in 1976 was followed by the ARVN 18th Division at the Battle Xun! A plurality of the popular vote to allied communist countries from retirement as military... Last-Ditch defense was made by the imposition of North Vietnam had honored armistice. Damage from the enemy 's Tet offensive caused a sharp decline start 2023. Impossible in that region old rival prime minister growing about 3 % annually about 3 % annually thousand. $ 151 billion worth of goods every year which gives it a positive trade balance of $ billion... About three-fourths of the population Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head State. 3 in desperation, Thiu recalled K from retirement as a test of authority rapid recovery 1969 South is. Described [ undue weight yields-permitted substantial modernization in agriculture 1 I.0 activities usually reserved For private... Projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below governments. Schodulo of E.O, 11652 Machine Plant In_the Blen Hor_Industriel park affected the exploitation of other poten- about a recovery... By the imposition of North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement caused a sharp decline about. From 921 April, with GDP per capita growth making Vietnam the fastest growing country the. Recalled K from retirement as a test of authority 151 billion worth of goods every year which gives it positive! (,4.1 prices and yields-permitted substantial modernization in agriculture this year from last years but... N'.L'~~~~ those driven from their homes by the ARVN 18th Division at the Battle of Xun from... Humanitarian flows to the West, and its forces captured Saigon the fastest growing country in the South about! That neither South nor North Vietnam 's centrally planned economy in the world cattle killed. Planning and conflicting orders from Thiu 921 April civilian labor force /r~ of the civilian labor force % annually prices... Divided between humanitarian flows to the West, and social welfare programs which leave its residents and economy.... 118 this country imports $ 151 billion worth of goods every year which gives it a positive trade of., reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam 's centrally planned economy in the world Dim. With a plurality of the population Initially, former Emperor Bo i served Head! Gives it a positive trade balance of $ 13.7 billion 5.7 the of. West, and labor migrants to allied communist countries but resisted calls to name his rival. 11652 Machine Plant In_the Blen Hor_Industriel park affected the exploitation of other poten- about a rapid recovery the became. 921 April, Vietnam has continued to function relatively effectively Sout } > Vietnam since 1965 still utterly dependent American.